Umwana si Uwa Mwarimu gusa ,Umubyeyi niwe murezi wambere umwana aca mubiganza

Mu iterambere ry’uburezi bw’abana, uruhare rw’ababyeyi ni ingenzi cyane kurusha uko benshi babitekereza. Nubwo ishuri rifite inshingano zo gutanga ubumenyi, umuryango y’umwihariko ababyeyi ni bo shingiro ry’imyigire n’imikurire y’umwana. Abahanga mu by’uburezi n’imibanire y’abantu bagaragaje ko uruhare rw’ababyeyi rufite ingaruka zikomeye ku myigire, imyitwarire n’ejo hazaza h’umwana.

Ababyeyi nk’abarimu ba mbere b’umwana

Umuhanga Jean Piaget yagaragaje ko umwana yiga cyane binyuze mu bunararibonye ahabwa n’abantu bamwegereye. Ababyeyi, nk’abantu ba mbere umwana ahura na bo, baba abarimu be ba mbere. Ibiganiro bagirana n’abana babo, imikino babakinisha, ndetse n’uburyo babasubiza ibibazo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukangura ubwenge bwabo no kubaka ubushobozi bwo gutekereza.

Ubufasha bw’ababyeyi nk’intambwe igana ku bwigire bwimbitse

Lev Vygotsky, mu nyigisho ye ya Zone of Proximal Development, yagaragaje ko umwana ashobora kwiga byinshi kurushaho iyo afashijwe n’umuntu mukuru. Ababyeyi bagira uruhare rukomeye mu kuyobora abana babo mu myigire, babasobanurira amasomo, bakabatera inkunga, bakanabafasha gutsinda ingorane bahura na zo mu masomo. Ubu bufasha butuma umwana agenda yiga kwigira no kwigirira icyizere.

Umuryango nk’ishingiro ry’imyigire n’imyitwarire

Urie Bronfenbrenner yagaragaje ko umuryango ari urwego rwa mbere kandi rukomeye mu mibereho y’umwana. Imibanire myiza hagati y’ababyeyi n’abana, urukundo n’ituze mu rugo bituma umwana agira amahoro yo mu mutima, bikamufasha kwitondera amasomo no gutsinda neza ku ishuri. Iyo umuryango utita ku mwana, ingaruka mbi bigira ku myigire ye zirigaragaza.

Ubufatanye bw’ababyeyi n’ishuri

Umuhanga Joyce Epstein yashimangiye ko gutsinda kw’abana mu burezi gushingira ku bufatanye hagati y’ababyeyi n’ishuri. Yagaragaje ko iyo ababyeyi bitabira ubuzima bw’ishuri bw’abana babo binyuze mu itumanaho n’abarimu, gukurikirana amasomo yo mu rugo no kwitabira ibikorwa by’ishuri abana bagira umwete wo kwiga, bagakunda ishuri kandi bagatsinda neza.

Imyumvire y’umubyeyi ku nshingano ze

Abashakashatsi Hoover-Dempsey na Sandler bagaragaje ko uko umubyeyi abona uruhare rwe mu burezi bw’umwana bigira ingaruka ku buryo amufasha kwiga. Iyo umubyeyi yumva ko afite inshingano n’ubushobozi bwo gutera umwana inkunga, agira uruhare rufatika mu gukurikirana amasomo ye no kumutera imbaraga zo gukomeza kwiga.

Inkunga y’umuryango nk’ishingiro ry’intsinzi

James Coleman yagaragaje ko inkunga umwana ahabwa n’umuryango ifite uburemere burenze ubushobozi bw’ishuri mu gutsindira kwe. Abana bafite ababyeyi babitaho, babakurikirana kandi bakabatera inkunga bagira amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda no gukomeza amashuri yabo.

Umwanzuro

Mu by’ukuri, ababyeyi ni inkingi ya mwamba mu myigire y’abana babo. Uruhare rwabo mu kubatera inkunga mu mitekerereze, mu marangamutima no mu masomo rutuma abana bagira icyizere, umwete n’ubushobozi bwo gutsinda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, iterambere ry’uburezi ntirishobora kugerwaho hatabayeho uruhare rufatika rw’ababyeyi bafatanya n’ishuri mu kurera no kwigisha ejo hazaza h’igihugu.


Author :IRAFASHA Jean de Dieu