Ingaruka zo gutanduka kw'abashakanye ku mikurure y'imitekerereze by'abana babo.

Gutandukana kw’abashakanye ni kimwe mu bibazo byugarije umuryango muri iki gihe. Iyo ababyeyi batandukanye, abana baba ari bo bahura n’ingaruka zikomeye cyane, cyane ku mikurire yabo no ku marangamutima. Abahanga mu by’imitekerereze y’abantu nka Sigmund Freud (1905), John Bowlby (1969), na Erik Erikson (1950) bagaragaje ko umuryango utekanye ari wo shingiro ry’iterambere ry’umwana. Iyo uwo mutekano uhungabanye, umwana ashobora kugira ibibazo by’uburere, ubwoba, n’ihungabana.
Dore uburyo burindwi gutandukana kw’abashakanye bishobora kwangiza imikurire n’amarangamutima y’abana:

1. Kubura urukundo n’icyizere:
Nk’uko John Bowlby abivuga mu ihame rye ry’“Attachment Theory”, umwana akenera guhora yumva afite umuntu umwitaho kandi amwereka urukundo. Iyo ababyeyi batandukanye, umwe ashobora kumubura cyangwa agahinduka mu buryo amwitaho, bigatuma umwana atangira kugira ubwoba no kubura icyizere ku bantu bose.

2. Ihungabana ry’amarangamutima (Emotional insecurity) :
Abahanga nka Erik Erikson bavuze ko buri cyiciro cy’imikurire gifite inshingano z’amarangamutima umwana agomba kugeraho. Gutandukana kw’ababyeyi bituma umwana ahora mu gihirahiro hagati y’impande zombi, bikamubuza gutuza mu bitekerezo no mu mutima.

3. Kunanirwa kwiga no kwibanda ku masomo :
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa Amato & Keith (1991) bwabigaragaje, abana bakomoka mu miryango yatandukanye bakunda kugira amanota make mu ishuri, bitewe n’imitekerereze ibabangamiye no kubura ubufasha buhoraho bw’ababyeyi bombi.

4. Kwiyumva nabi no kwigaya :
Abana bamwe batekereza ko ari bo babaye intandaro y’amakimbirane y’ababyeyi babo. Ibi bituma bagira isoni, kwigaya, ndetse bamwe bakiyumva ko nta gaciro bafite. Freud yabivuzeho avuga ko ibikomere byo mu bwana bishobora gukurikirana umuntu mu buzima bwe bwose.

5. Kwigana imyitwarire mibi :
Iyo ababyeyi batandukanye mu buryo burimo intonganya, guhohoterana cyangwa gusuzugurana, umwana akura abyigana. Albert Bandura (1977) yabigaragaje mu nyigisho ye ya “Social Learning Theory” aho avuga ko abana biga cyane binyuze mu kwigana imyitwarire y’ababyeyi.

6. Kubura ishyaka ryo kubaka umuryango ejo hazaza:
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abana bakuriye mu miryango yatandukanye bakunze gutinya kurushinga cyangwa bakagira amakenga ku rukundo. Ibi bituma batizera ko umubano ushobora kuramba, nk’uko byagaragajwe na Wallerstein (2000) mu bushakashatsi bwe ku bana bakomoka mu miryango yatandukanye.

7. Ibibazo by’imitekerereze n’imyitwarire:
Abana bashobora kugaragaza imyitwarire nko kurwana, kunanirana cyangwa kwihugiraho cyane. Abandi bagira agahinda gakabije cyangwa kwigunga. Ibi byose ni ingaruka z’imibanire mibi hagati y’ababyeyi, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa Kelly & Emery (2003).

Umwanzuro
Gutandukana kw’abashakanye si igisubizo cyoroshye, kuko n’ubwo rimwe na rimwe ari ngombwa, kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bana. Ababyeyi bakwiye kwirinda gushyira abana hagati y’amakimbirane yabo, ahubwo bakabashakira ubufasha bw’abajyanama mu mitekerereze cyangwa inzego z’ubuyobozi zibifitiye ubushobozi. Nk’uko abahanga bose bahurizaho, umwana akenera umutekano w’urukundo n’ubwitaho kugira ngo akure neza mu mutima no mu bitekerezo.

Ibyo byanditswe hashingiwe ku:
• Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss.
• Erikson, E. (1950). Childhood and Society.
• Amato, P. & Keith, B. (1991). Parental Divorce and the Well-being of Children.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory.
• Wallerstein, J. (2000). The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce.
• Kelly, J. & Emery, R. (2003). Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce.





Psychosocial Researcher : Jean de Dieu IRAFASHA